西方国家官僚制的比较研究

A Comparative Study on Western Countries' Bureaucracy

对英美法德官僚制的比较研究,是一个颇具难度的论题。美国比较公共行政学家费勒尔·海迪将法德国家官僚制归为"古典"官僚制,将英美国家官僚制归为"公民文化"背景下的官僚制。伴随20世纪后期的行政改革,西方各国官僚制的内涵、角色、关系结构都发生了相应变化。在世界日益官僚化的趋势中,政府高级文官的地位日益显著。如今,国家仍然是秩序、安全、社会和谐与信任的保护者,仍需要精干、高效、低消耗的官僚机器。

The comparative study on the bureaucracy of Britain, America, France and Germany is a considera- bly difficuh topic. The famous scholar of American comparative public administration Ferrel Heady classified French and German bureaucracy as ＂classical＂ style, but the British and American as a ＂citizen culture＂ one. Accompanied by administrative reforms of the [ate 20th century, the connotation, role and relationship struc- tures of Western countries＇ bureaucracy have undergone corresponding changes. In the world trend of increasing bureaucratization, the status of senior civil servants is more remarkable. Today, the State is still the protector of order, security, social harmony and trust, and requires the bureaucratic machine to be capable, efficient and low consumable.