欧盟能源规制:政策变迁及其经验

Regulation of EU Energy:Policy Transition and Experience

能源问题是影响未来欧盟在国际事务中角色的关键因素。欧盟从能源合作开始,到经济政治全面合作,再到新能源的开发合作,经历了一个螺旋式上升、波浪式前进的过程。欧盟能源规制的基本经验是能源规制政策奠定了经济社会体制"欧盟模式"的制度基础,从单纯追求能源供应安全到三位一体价值目标的统一,以人为本协调共同竞争政策与普遍利益服务的关系,能源政策的实施从集权到分权逐步过渡。

The energy problem is the key issue in EU history that will affect its role in the international arena in future. Cooperation among EU contracting parties started from energy and went through economic and political cooperation until development of new energy, during which hardships were encountered. Fundamental experi- ences of EU energy regulation are that regulatory policies of energy lay the foundation for the EU model of eco- nomic and social systems, that a shifted was effected from the pure pursuit of a safe supply of energy to the attainment of all the three targets, that the relationship between common competition policy and service of general interest was coordinated by putting people first, and that a gradual transition was carried out from centralized to decentralized implementation of energy policy.