村民的政治效能感及其调适路径的实证研究——基于对苏南四村365位村民的问卷调查

Villagers' Political Efficacy and Ways to Adjust it:A Study Based on a Survey among 65 Villagers from 4 Villages in Southern Jiangsu

政治效能感是公民政治心理、政治态度的重要方面。实证调查结果显示,当前苏南地区村民自治过程中,村民的政治效能感总体水平并不高,处于中等水平。虽然苏南地区村民对于村委会、基层政府的外在政治效能感较高、施政评价较好,但村民的内在政治效能感偏低,对自身政治影响能力信心不足。因此,必须通过发展经济、重视教育来激发村民的内在政治效能感;塑造参与文化、转变治理理念来提升村民的外在政治效能感;健全利益表达机制、创新基层参与方式来完善村民的自治制度;发展农村社会组织、培育协商民主经验来拓展村民的参与空间,从而以多元的路径实现对村民政治效能感的有效调适和提升。

The sense of political efficacy is considered to be an important element of citizens＇ psychology and attitude in politics. The survey shows that the level of villagers＇ sense of political efficacy in southern Jiangsu Province is not very high, which is in the medium level. Though villagers there have a relatively high sense of outward political efficacy in village committee and local government and their activity, they are rather delayed in inward sense of political efficacy and less confident in the self- influence in politics. The inward sense of political efficacy can he stimulated by developing economics and education; the outward sense of political efficacy can be promoted by molding participation culture and changing management conception; the self-government system can be improved by perfecting the mechanism of interest expression and innovating the grassroots participation way; and the villagers＇ participation space can be expanded by developing the rural society organization and cultivating the deliberative democracy. Thus, the villagers＇ sense of political efficacy can be effectively promoted and upgraded in diversified ways.