权力流散与利益分享——湄公河水电开发新趋势与中国的应对

Power Diffusion and Benefit Sharing:A New Trend of Mekong River Hydropower Development and China's Response

作为冷战后国际社会权力结构性变化的一个重要现象,权力流散改变了权力主体的构成,并进而引发了国家在全球或地区公共问题治理方式上的变革。由于国际河流所具有的"整体性"和"共享性"特征,在其开发和治理过程中,越来越多的非国家行为体参与其中,各行为体的利益诉求也趋于多样化。推动建立利益攸关方之间的利益分享机制,公平分配国际河流开发权益,日益成为一种国际趋势和区域共识。当前,湄公河流域各国正在加紧实施水电开发计划,与此同时,流域治理权力也在加速向非政府组织、国际组织以及域外国家流散,给本以十分复杂的流域水资源治理增加了新的变数。作为湄公河上游国家,中国应重视并积极应对这一新趋势,力争与社会行为体在价值层面达成谅解,与国际组织在科学层面取得共识,与域外国家在治理层面形成明确分工,与流域国家在政策层面实现突破,构建行之有效的利益分享机制,扭转中国在湄公河开发中的被动局面,进一步巩固和深化中国同周边国家的友好关系。

In the era of power diffusion,more actors have engaged in the international river governance.To ensure the equal distribution of interests among stakeholders,a benefit sharing mechanism is introduced into the water resources governance and becomes an international trend and regional consensus.In the Mekong Basin,hydropower development plans have been being implemented rapidly by the riparian countries,while the power of governance is diffusing to the international organizations,NGOs and the countries out of the region,which increases the uncertainty of Mekong River governance.As an upstream country,China should attach great importance to this new trend and pursue an effective benefit sharing mechanism by achieving consensus with the stakeholders in the aspects of values,scientific evidence,governance and policy design,as a way to break the dilemma of Mekong River governance and consolidate the friendship between China and its neighboring countries.