使用武力履行“保护责任”的规范约束问题

Norm Restriction on Use of Force in the Implementation of “Responsibility to Protect”

根据"保护的责任"原则,为保护国内人民免遭严重的人权侵害,在紧迫情势下,国际社会应根据《联合国宪章》第七章进行武力干预。但是,目前所构想的有关武力干预的约束条件存在着很大的缺陷。为此,在武力干预方面,国际社会必须充分考虑和接受的是,现代国际秩序与框架结构的宏观约束。武力干预的具体约束条件需要得到进一步澄清和完善。第一,应将武力干预的目的严格限定在人权保护方面,不允许存在其他的动机、目的。第二,只有在尝试所有其他措施均不成功后,才能考虑武力干预,国际社会不应强调及早、灵活地运用武力措施。第三,联合国安理会应当成为武力干预的唯一的决策权威。

According to ＂Responsibility to Protect＂ principle, to protect internal people from severe violation of human rights, in the urgent circumstance, force intervention should be applied by international community according to the seventh chapter of United Nations charter. However,there exists severe deficiency in the restriction criteria being envisaged about force intervention. In the respect of force intervention, international community must sufficiently consider and accept structure restriction from current international order and framework, and concrete restriction criteria about force intervention should be further clarified. First, intention of force intervention should be strictly limited to sole object of human rights protection, and there is no access to any other motive or intention. Second, force measures should be set aside for use only after all other measures have been tried and found to be inadequate,and international community should not emphasize an early and flexible response. Third, United Nations Security Council should be the sole authority of decision- making on force intervention.