“差异”与“时间”:索绪尔语言本体论的哲学解读

Difference and Time:A Philosophical Interpretation of Saussurean Ontology of Language

"差异"在时间中产生是索绪尔语言研究辩证法思想的根源。依据时间划分出历时语言学和共时语言学是索绪尔语言研究的理论起点。通过形式化的抽象反思,索绪尔把语言系统定性为仅据差异而存在的纯粹的价值系统。语言符号系统的产生与存在就是时间。差异不是语言符号系统自身的特点,而是语言符号系统在时间上的自我超越。差异的显现就是语言与言语在空间上的同一,是语言系统与自身在时间上的同一。

Difference is the dialectical benchmark in Saussure＇s linguistic study and derives from time. The division between diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics is the starting point for Saussurean linguistic theorization. By abstraction, Saussure defined language as a pure system of values reflecting differences. The production and being of linguistic signs and linguistic system are the equivalents of time;differenee is not inherent in linguistic signs and linguistic system. Instead, difference is realized by linguistic signs and linguistic system transcending themselves respectively. The manifestation of difference is the synchronization of language and parole and the chronic correspondence of language and itself.