船舶油污损害赔偿民事责任主体探析

The Civil Liability Subject for the Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage from Ships

为应对重大油污事故带来的巨大生态和经济损失,二战以后,国际社会建立了油污损害赔偿机制。随着我国航运大国地位的确立,在我国发生的油污事故日益增多,损害结果触目惊心。相比发达国家,我国船舶油污损害赔偿责任主体的立法很不完善,相关规定较为模糊,缺乏系统性和可操作性。通过对国际公约和我国立法中有关油污责任主体法律法规的梳理与分析,指出我国在涉及油污责任主体方面的立法和司法审判中应考虑的因素。

In order to deal with the major oil pollution accident which causes great ecologic and finan-cial losses ,the international community has developed international conventions and domestic law s to es-tablish an effective system for compensation for oil pollution damage after the Second World War .As Chi-na is becoming one of the largest maritime countries ,major oil pollution accidents increase ,w hich made China suffer great losses .Compared with some of the developed countries ,China lacks the law which reg-ulates the subject of liability for oil pollution damage ,and the existing law is ambiguous and devoid of sys-tematicness and operability .Through elaborating the basic provisions of the relevant international conven-tions and some typical national law s on the parties liable for oil pollution damages from ships ,the paper points out the factors that legislators and justices should pay attention to when dealing with such cases .