论和指令有关的两类“由”字句

Two Types of Directive-Related “you”-Construction in Chinese

指令型"由"字句和述令型"由"字句是"由"字句的重要组成部分,虽然它们都以"指令"为核心,但述令型"由"字句中的"指令"来自于说话人的主观认定。指令型"由"字句和述令型"由"字句在谓语动词、施事的生命特征、时体特征、状语和补语等多个方面存在着对称与不对称。

Directive ＂you＂-construction and descriptive-directive ＂you＂-construction are an important part of ＂you＂-construction. Both of them focus on directives, but the directive in descriptive-directive ＂you＂-construction comes from the speaker＇s subjective judgment. This paper observes the symmetries and asymmetries between the two types of ＂you＂-construction from the following aspects： predicate verbs, animate feature of the agent, features of tense and aspect, adverbial modifiers and complements.