中国合同环境服务公共性研究的三条进路

Three Approaches of the Research of Publicity of Environment Service Contract (ESC) in China

合同环境服务(ESC)模式正在成为我国环境政策实践中一个重要的工具,其实质意义在于公共性视角,即将环境公共利益作为其追求的第一目标。我国对合同环境服务公共性的相关研究主要有三条不同的进路:一是以"公民环境权"为核心追求的法学途径,主要集中于"环境行政合同"的相关法律制度的完善等方面,对环境行政合同文本以及执行的相关监督、参与、法律保障是研究的热点问题;二是以公私部门合作治理为研究重点的公共管理学路径,主要以合同制治理环境公共事务的公共行政伦理及其制度化规制为研究热点,涉及的相关互动主体主要以政府—涉污企业—合同环境服务商—公众等,多元化、常态性的公民参与构成这一途径公共性的典型特征;三是以寻求合同环境服务市场秩序良性发展为目的的环境服务产业学相关研究的路径,它将合同环境服务产业的健康、可持续发展作为一个基本的出发点,政府等相关主体对市场秩序的监管、对环境服务产业的扶持等构成了这条路径公共性的主要内容。在本质上,这三条研究进路的目的都是为了服务于公民的环境权利,但是围绕合同环境服务发挥作用所配套的制度、机制、程序、技术等支持需要依靠深入的改革去实现。

Environment Service Contract（ESC） is a more and more important instrument in China＇ s policy environment. As a policy instrument, the essence of ESC lies on it ＇ s publicity, namely the first - line purpose of it is the public environment intrests. In China, there are three main approaches on the research of ESC＇ s publicity. The first is the law science approach who regards citizen environment rights as a core pursuit and concentrates the research on environment administrative contract and the perfection of related legal system, etc. The second is the Science of Public Management approach, who focuses on cooperation between public and private sector and regards the focus on the public ethics of environment contract governance and its institutional regulation. The third is the environment services industry approach,who regards the benign development of the ESC market order as a core purpose. In essence,the purpose of above three aims at all service for citizen＇ s environment rights.