中国省际环境全要素生产率及其影响因素分析

Influencing Analysis on Chinese Provincial Environmental Total Factor Productivity

改革开放以来中国经济取得到了快速发展,但与此同时,我国很多环境污染指标在世界排名也显著提高。那么中国的经济增长是否是造成环境污染的原因?经济增长对环境一定是有害的吗?也就是环境库兹涅茨曲线在中国是否存在?围绕着这些问题国内外学者进行了大量有益的探讨。但是很多文献都是利用人均收入和人均排放关系来识别是否存在环境库兹涅茨曲线。这种方法的缺点是没有认清这两者都是生产过程的产出,是生产过程中的投入导致产出的结果。忽略生产过程中的投入和产出组合的效率变化,只研究两个产出之间的关系会影响传统的环境库兹涅茨曲线检验基础,也妨碍环境效率影响因素的识别。正是循着这个方向,很多学者构建了一个综合的环境绩效指标。通过研究环境绩效指标与人均收入之间的关系来识别是否存在环境库兹涅茨曲线。基于此,本文利用中国30个省份1997-2011年经济增长和污染排放数据,利用考虑环境的数据包络模型研究了环境全要素生产率指数及其分解。研究发现:考虑环境因素的全要素生产率指数年均增长2.94%,环境全要素生产率指数的增长主要来自技术进步指数。影响环境全要素生产率指数的空间面板Tobit回归模型表明,人均收入对环境全要素生产率增长产生正向的作用,这表明经济发展水平越高,经济与环境的协调性越好。人均收入的平方项系数为负,表明环境全要素生产率的库兹涅茨曲线存在。对外开放水平高导致环境全要素生产率的下降。技术进步始终是环境全要素生产率增长的积极原因。

Since the reform and opening-up, Chinese economy obtained a rapid development. But at the same time, many environmental pollutions indexes of China increased significantly among the world ranking. Whether Chinese economic growth is one of the causes of environmental pollution？ Is economic growth harmful to the environment？ Does the environmental Kuznets curve exist in China？ Based on these problems, domestic and foreign scholars carried out many beneficial discussion. But a lot of studies only use per capita income and per capita emissions to recognize the existence of environmental Kuznets curve. The disadvantage of this method is that it considers the process from the aspects of production outputs, which are consequences of the combination of inputs. Thus, it ignores the efficiency change in the production process. Only studying the relationship between the two kinds of outputs will affect the base of judging environmental Kuznets curve, and also hinder the recognition of the environmental factors. According to this proposition, many scholars have constructed a comprehensive index of environmental performance. Recognizing the existence of environmental Kuznets curve by studying the relationship between environmental performance indicators and per capita income. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from the year 1997 to 2011, an environmental data envelopment analysis model was applied in this paper to analyze the environmental TFP index and its decomposition. It is found that the average annual growth of TFP index considering environmental factors increased 2.94% , the environmental TFP growth was mainly from technological progress. The analysis of Spatial Panel Tobit regression model affecting the environmental TFP factors showed that per capita income had the positive effect on the growth of environmental total factor productivity, which suggested that the higher the level of economic development, the better the coordination of economy and environment.＇ Squared coefficient of per capita income was negative, indicating that the environmental TFP Kuznets Curve existed. High level of opening-up led to a decline in the environmental total factor productivity. And technological progress is always the positive cause for environmental TFP growth.