2000年以来中国城市体系演变特征研究——基于通航城市分布格局的分析

Evolution Characteristics of Urban System in China Since 2000 in Terms of Distribution of Civil Aviation City

城市间的航空运输活动是城市相互联系的最高表现形式,航线运量反映了城市间的经济联系和对外职能,城市及航线所组成的航空网络直观反映了城市体系的等级结构和分布特征。2000年以来我国航空运输持续高速增长,通航城市由139个增加至175个,占地级城市数量的60%以上,通航城市的分布特征在一定程度上代表了全国的城市体系特征。本文在系统回顾国内外研究文献的基础上,利用2000-2012年民航行业统计数据,通过假定和计算城市间航线复合流量,从通航城市分布的统计特征、等级划分、网络结构等视角进行分析。首先,研究了通航城市分布的区域差异,货运业务城市差距不断扩大,呈集聚特征,三大枢纽城市比重始终过半;从城市累计分配率看,货运相比客运更集中。其次,运用图表法和聚类分析法,将175个城市分为3个首位中心城市、13个二级中心城市、17个三级中心城市和142个四级中心城市,城市等级分布呈金字塔型且受政治、经济和旅游等因素影响显著。最后,利用2000年和2012年国内城市间前100位复合流量航线,分析了城市体系的网络特征,发现北京、上海和广州等三大枢纽城市稳稳占据主导地位,成渝成为未来第四极,东北地区城市体系稳定,沿海城市被中部城市取代,旅游城市等级升级,"轴—辐"网络城市体系正在形成。

Air transport activities between cities are the highest form of city interconnected, where routes reflect the economic ties among different cities and external function, and the city and routes of aviation network directly reflect the level of urban system structure and the distribution characteristics. Rapid growth of air transport in China since 2000, with the navigable city increased from 139 to 175 level covers an area of more than 60% of the number of cities; navigable city space distribution to a certain extent, represents the urban system of the national characteristics. Based on the literatm＇e review, this paper used the statistical data （2000 - 2012 ） of civil aviation industry, urban routes between compound flow, in order to analyze the statistical characteristic of navigable city distribution, hierarchy, such as hierarchical network structure. First, we studied the distribution and differences of navigable city： namely the passenger business city differences has slow and diffusion characteristics, and the share of three major hub cities Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou in China decreases. Cargo business city gap is widening, the agglomeration characteristics of three major hub cities share is always more than half. From total allocation rate, cargo business is more concentrated than passenger freight. Secondly, using chart method and clustering analysis method, 175 cities can be divided into three top center cities, 13 secondary center cities, 17 tertiary center cities and 142 four centers cities. The distribution of city level is the pyramid and influenced by political, economic and tourism factors significantly. Finally, we used the data of domestic cities who yanks 100 composite traffic routes between 2000 and 2012 to analyze the network characteristics of the urban system, and find that three major hub cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are firmly dominated, Chengdu-Chongqing express way will be the fourth pole in the future, the northeast city system is stable, coastal cities are replaced by the central city, tourist city level upgrades, and ＂axial and radial＂ network cities system are forming.