不同生计资产配置的农户宅基地流转家庭福利变化研究

Research on Welfare Changes of Farmer's Family with Different Allocation of Livelihood Assets in the Rural Residential Land Conversion

在已有研究农户家庭生计资产和家庭福利理论的基础上,采用农户生计资产量化法和模糊综合评价法,通过对武汉城市圈典型区域宅基地流转农户家庭的实证研究,分析了宅基地流转对被流转农户的家庭福利影响。运用生计资产量化分析法,研究了被流转农户的家庭生计资产配置,得出农户的家庭生计资产分值,将农户划分为资产缺乏型农户和资产均衡性农户。在阿玛蒂亚·森的可行能力及家庭福利评价框架下,运用模糊综合评价法,研究宅基地流转对不同生计资产配置的农户家庭福利影响,研究表明,从总体和资产均衡型农户家庭来看,宅基地流转有助于被流转农户的家庭福利的改善和提高,其模糊指数分别为0.533和0.547,高于流转前设定的模糊状态0.5,而使资产缺乏型农户的家庭总体福利下降,模糊指数从0.5下降到0.464;从影响福利的因素来看,宅基地流转对资产均衡型农户家庭的经济状况、居住条件、社会保障及发展机会有所改善,对社区环境、心理福利有所下降,但对资产缺乏型农户家庭的经济状况、社区环境、发展机会及心理福利有所降低,对社会保障和居住条件有所改善。基于农户家庭生计的可持续和福利改进,由此可得出相应的结论:在宅基地流转中,要实施差异化的流转保障、扶持政策,做到对被流转农户家庭的瞄准补偿与支助;加强对新安置点的选址、规划,新居民点要有利于农户的生活、就业与发展;注重农户参与与生存发展,提高农户自我认可与精神改变,确保宅基地流转后,农户精神福利随着物质福利提高而逐步改善。

Based on the existing studies of the Family Livelihood Assets and the Family Welfare Theory, this paper conducts an empirical research on the rural residential land conversion in typical areas of Wuhan Metropolitan and analyses the impacts of the conversion on the welfare of the farmer family, using the quantitative analysis upon famers＇ livelihood assets and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Specifically, the quantitative analysis of the livelihood assets is conducted to examine the allocation of the household livelihood assets by farmers whose residential land has been circulated and obtained the values of farmers＇ livelihood assets, through which the farmers are divided into two types： the famers whose assets are lacked and the farmers whose assets are balanced. With Sen＇ s Capability Theory and the framework for evaluating the family welfare, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is employed to examine the influence of the residential land conversion to the family welfare of farmers under the allocation of different livelihood assets. The results show the rural residential land conversion improves the family welfare of farmers from the perspective of the total samples and the asset balanced families, and the fuzzy evaluation index are respectively 0. 533 and 0. 547, both of which are higher than 0. 5 that is set before the residential land conversion, while the family welfare of farmers whose assets are lacked is getting declined after the rural residential land conversion and the fuzzy evaluation index is decreased from 0.5 to 0. 464. In terms of factors that affect the family welfare, economic conditions, living conditions, social security and development opportunities are improved and community environment and psychological welfare are declined by rural residential land conversion among the asset balanced farmers; while economic conditions, the community environment, development opportunities and the psychological welfare are declined, living conditions and social security are improved by rural residential land conversion among the asset lacked farmers. Therefore, based on the sustainable livelihoods of farmers and welfare improvement, the corresponding conclusions can be drawn： in the rural residential land conversion, the differentiated policies for securing and supporting land conversion should be implemented in order to carry out the precise compensation for farmers＇ family; the new settlements should be carefully selected and planned in order to facilitate farmers＇ living, employment and development; the public participation and survival development of farmers should be emphasized to improve farmers＇ self-recognition and mental conditions and ensure that the spiritual welfare of farmers can be gradually improved as their material welfare is improved after the rural residential land conversion.