广西瑶族女童教育问题的社会性别分析

Social Gender Analysis of Education for Girls of Yao Nationality in Guangxi

女童教育对女童个人、家庭、民族和社会的发展与进步有着重要的意义。近十年来,我国农村地区、少数民族地区的教育有了很大的发展,然而少数民族地区女童的教育却仍受到制约。主要表现为:瑶族女童辍学现象较严重;想继续学习,但缺乏兴趣,没有学习热情;不安全因素增多。究其原因,"男尊女卑"性别文化依然在瑶族社会占据主导地位,"女孩读书无用论"成为女童晚入学及辍学的主要原因,就业中的"性别偏见"使女童教育再遇挑战,"性别刻板印象"以及较少关注女童情感,是造成女生学习热情不高的重要原因。因此,进行性别平等教育,让性别平等意识深入到每一个角落,是教育者优先要做的工作。

Education for girls is essential to the development and progress for individuals, family, ethnic group and society. For decades, great progress for education has been made in rural and ethnic minority areas in our country, but education for girls is still restricted by many factors in ethnic minority areas, which manifests as follows. The phenomenon of Yao girls dropping out of school is serious, and they want to learn but lack interest and enthusiasm. The unsafe factors are increasing. The reasons are as follows. First, the gender perception that ＂man is superior to woman＂ is still dominant in the Yao ethnic society. Second, the myth that ＂it is useless for girls to learn＂ is the main reason for their dropping out. Third, the ＂gender prejudice＂ in employment also poses challenges education for girls. Fourth, ＂gender stereotype＂ and inattentiveness to girls＇ emotion are the main reasons for girls＇ low enthusiasm for learning. Hence, to implement the gender equity education, making gender equity rooted in people＇s mind, is the principal work for educators.