仪式共生与主体性形塑:广西上林县古登村壮族师公与道公考察

Co-existence in Rituals and Shaping of Subjectivity:An Investigation on Shigong and Daogong of Zhuang in Gudeng,Shanglin,Guangxi

师公与道公作为桂中壮族地区普遍存在的两类仪式专家,彼此间的密切关联需要从师承谱系、宗教文书及仪式过程等三方面进行考察。位于广西中部地区的上林县镇圩瑶族自治乡古登村的壮族师公与道公是该地区最主要的仪式专家,两者均具有独立的师承谱系。道公凭借科仪书等宗教文本的运用及超度亡灵等仪式角色的扮演,占据着仪式生活的主导地位。师公因在大型法事中被定为副坛而通过文本、口头表述等形式不断塑造自身仪式角色的重要性,以此区别于道公的仪式。与此同时,师公又在具体的仪式过程中与道公共同完成部分法事。这种既相互竞争又相互合作的复杂关系,体现了师公与道公对自身仪式主体性的形塑诉求,并在无形中促成了村落仪式语境的多维面相。

The close relation between Shigong and Daogong, the two kinds of experts on rituals commonly seen in the Zhuang regions in central Guangxi, should be investigated from their heritage, religious documents and ritual processes. The Shigong and Daogong of Zhuang in Gudeng, Zhenxu Yao Autonomous Village, Shanglin Town in central Guangxi are the 2 major types of local experts on rituals, each of whom bearing his own heritage. Daogong, with his use of religious documents like book of rites and his roles in rituals like the salvation of spirits, dominates local rituals, while Shigong, defined as a subsidiary in big ritual events, uses oral, written and other forms to continually establish the importance of his roles in rituals, so as to be distinguished from Daogong. At the same time, Shigong would complete some of the rites together with Daogong. The complicated relation of both competition and cooperation between Shigong and Daogong shows their pursuit of shaping their subjectivity, which invisibly contributes to the multi-dimensional appearance of ritual context in villages.