中美非营利组织成长环境比较研究

Comparative Study on the Growth Conditions of Sino-US NPOs

为了探索我国社会组织健康发展途径,借鉴西方国家依托NPO大规模参与社会管理并提升政府公共服务水平的社会管理经验,采用比较研究方法,分析了中美两国NPO兴起和发展的思想、经济、政治和社会背景。研究发现,思想理念、市场经济、国家集权程度、自治传统是影响中美NPO兴起和发展的共性因素,这些因素所处的不同状况构成中美NPO不同的成长环境并导致不同的成长结果。最后的结论是:(一)民主政治思想是NPO形成和发展的互生性文化和思想基础;(二)市场经济崛起与NPO发展具有内在一致性;(三)国家集权程度和政府控制强弱是影响NPO形成和发展的政治因素;(四)人民结社与自治传统是影响NPO成长的社会性因素。研究结论为探索我国社会主义市场经济条件下社会组织健康发展途径提供了理论参考。

In order to explore the way of healthy development of social organizations in China and refer ence the experience of NPOs extensively participating in social management and enhancing the government＇s public service level in western countries, this paper, with the method of comparative research, has analysed the ideological, economic, political and social background of Chinese and American NPO rise and development. It found that the ideas, market economy, degree of state power centraliza- tion and government control, and autonomy tradition are the common factors affecting Sino-US NPOs growth, and the different situations of these factors constitute the different social and historical back- ground of Sino--US NPOs growth. The final conclusions of this paper are： （a） the democratic political thought is the alternate cultural and ideological basis of the formation and development of NPOs; （b） market economy rise is consistent with the development of NPOs; （c） the degree of power centralization and government control capability are political factors that affect the formation and development of NPOs; （d） the associating and autonomous tradition are social factors that affect NPOs growth. Conclu- sions of this paper provide a theoretical reference for exploring the development way of Chinese NPO un- der the condition of socialist market economy.