仰韶时代彩陶的量化研究

Quantitative Research on Polychrome Ceramics in the Yangshao Era

本文以汾渭盆地及其周边区域为中心,尝试统计仰韶时代各时期的彩陶比例。我国彩陶老官台文化,白家遗址34%的陶器为彩陶,半坡文化时期渭河流域继承了之前的彩陶传统,早期彩陶占比约1%,晚期占比约10%。庙底沟文化阶段彩陶占比在4~8%之间,中值为6.7%。仰韶晚期时关中及陕晋豫交界地带的彩陶消失,而周边秦王寨、大司空、马家窑、屈家岭等文化的彩陶得以延续和发展,并缓慢消亡。彩陶的比例也受到聚落层级、聚落中心与边缘、聚落内的功能分区等方面的影响,这些问题需要深入研究。

This article tries to statistically study the chronological change of the percentage ofpolychrome ceramics in pottery assemblages from sites in the Feng-Wei Basin and its surrounding areas during the Yangshao era. During the period of the Laoguantai Culture, 34% of ceramics from the Baijia site were polychmme. 1% of ceramics in the assemblage is polychrome during the Early phase of Banpo period, while the percentage jumps to 10% during the Late Phase. The percentage ofpolychrome during the Miaodigou period ranges between 4 and 8% with an average of 6.7%. During the Late phase of the Yangshao era, the tradition of polychrorne ceramics gradually faded away in Guanzhong and the intercourse of the Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Henan provinces. In contrast, the polychrome tradition continued to exist, prosper in its surrounding neighborhoods like the Qinwangzhai, Dasikong, Majiayao, and Qujialing Cultures. Factors impacting on the percentage of polychmme ceramics include the hierarchy of settlements, core-periphery difference between settlements, and intemal differentiation of their functions. This paper suggests that all these issues are worthwhile more in-depth investigation.