政府反竞争行为的反垄断法规制路径研究——基于路径适用的逻辑展开

On Antitrust Regulation Path of Public Restraints on Competition:Based on the Logic of Path Applicability

政府反竞争行为,是指政府在干预经济运行过程中有意、无意地制定、实施限制企业竞争制度的行为。在一定条件下这是合理的,但超过必要限度就会损害竞争秩序和社会整体福利。各国反垄断法的实施经验表明,要规制不合理的政府反竞争行为需要完整的路径体系。竞争评估,是分析、评价政府反竞争行为合理性的前置路径。竞争倡导,是事前避免不合理限制竞争的制度安排、制度实施,或促进法律向有利于竞争的方向修改的路径。竞争执法,是事后追究有关主体的反垄断责任,排除不合理制度影响的路径。鉴于我国政府对经济不合理干预导致的竞争限制的普遍性、严重性以及现有制度的局限,必须通过法律解释、规则建构,建立、完善上述路径体系,推进体制改革。

Public restraints on competition refer to intentional or unintentional formulation and implementation of restrictions on corporate competition system in the process of economic government interventions. In some cases, it is reasonable, but if it exceeds necessary limits, it will harm competitive orders and social welfare. Experience concerning the implementation of antitrust law shows that complete path system shall be necessary to the regulation of unreasona ble public restraints on competition. Competition assessment is a fundamental path to analyze and evaluate the reasonableness of public restraints on competition. Competition advocacy is a path to avoid unreasonable institutional arrangements and implementation restricting competition before- hand or to promote lawns modification in favor of competition. Competition enforcement is a path to look into antitrust liabilities of related subjects afterward and exclude the effect of unreasonable institutions. （）wing to the prevalence and severity of public restraints on competition resulting from unreasonable economic government interventions and current institutional limits, China shall construct and improve the path system abovementioned and promote institutional reform through legal interpretation and the construction of rules.