论中世纪苏格兰议会的形成

On the Formation of the Scottish Parliament in the Middle Ages

苏格兰王国的形成是苏格兰议会产生的重要政治基础。由于苏格兰的封建化,御前大会议得以产生和发展,成为苏格兰议会产生的制度渊源。13世纪时,商业革命推动了苏格兰小贵族和自治市镇的发展和不断壮大,为议会的产生奠定了经济基础,而苏格兰王国分裂和入侵的危机则使议会应运而生并获得初步发展。独立战争期间,苏格兰议会的发展加快,其司法、立法和税收功能先后确立。1326年,一院制运行机制的确立则标志着苏格兰议会正式形成。

The formation of the Kingdom of Scotland was an important political foundation for the emergence of the Scottish Parliament. Thanks to the feudalization of Scotland,the great council emerged and developed,and became the prototype of the Scottish Parliament. In the 13 th century,the commercial revolution promoted the development and growth of the Scottish lordlings and burghs,which laid a solid economic foundation for the parliament. The crisis of internal division and external invasion in the Scottish Kingdom,however,gave rise to the formation of the parliament at the right moment. The parliament enjoyed initial growth at the early stage. During the war of Scottish independence,the development of the Scottish Parliament sped up so that the functions of the judicature,legislation and taxation were established. In 1326, the Scottish mechanism of the unicameral assembly was established,which signaled the official formation of the Scottish Parliament and exerted a far-reaching historical influence on its development.