文艺美学的人学脉络及其现代启蒙承续

Humanities and heritage of the literary aesthetics

20世纪产生并发展起来的文艺美学出现于个人与集体、自由与霸权的二元对抗之中,其问题意识与功能价值已经远远超越了学科本身。而无论是五四时期的文艺美学的"潜在形态",还是80年代新时期明晰的学科表达,其塑形和建构大致都经历了"艺术——审美——主体——超越"的历程,实现了人学向度和人文价值的美学启蒙。从王国维的人生超越、朱光潜的审美直觉、再到宗白华的诗性话语,他们都实现了美学的经验式、体验化、人生论的美学价值原则,以审美超越实现审美启蒙的"潜在"文艺美学样态。80年代文艺美学的出现与其说是理论的初创,不如说是理论的恢复,它一方面延续了美学的人学启蒙性原则,另一方面又在当下的审美文化语境中焕发出崭新的活力。

The literary aestheticism of the 20th century is in the dichotomies of individual versus collective, freedom versus hegemony whose consciousness and functions are far beyond. The potential literary ideology of May 4th movement, and the explicit disciplinary trends of 1980s help to shape and construct the growth of art-aesthetics-subject-transcending, through which humanistic values and aesthetic enlightenment are realized. Wang Guowei on life transcendence, Zhu Guangqian on aesthetic intuitions, and Zong Baihua on poetic discourse, are known for showing new vitality in the context of new aesthetic values.