我国产业结构与高校专业结构协调性分析——兼论大学生就业难与“技工荒”问题

Analysis on the Harmony between Industry Structure and Specialty Structure of Colleges and Universities in China:And the Discussion of Difficulty of Graduates Employment and Shortage of Skilled Personnel

在简要回顾相关研究的基础上,考查了2000～2012年我国三次产业结构与制造业结构的变动状况.在对高校专业进行适当归类的前提下,梳理了同时期与三次产业相关的专业结构、与制造业相关的专业结构的变化状况.基于距离协调度模型,对产业结构与人才培养专业结构的协调性进行了分析.结果表明,三次产业与其相关专业之间的结构协调性要高于制造业与其相关专业之间的结构协调性,三次产业与其相关专业之间的结构协调性是逐年提高的,制造业与其相关专业之间的结构协调性是逐年下降的.对这种变动趋势以及大学生就业难与“技工荒”问题产生的原因进行了分析,给出了促进高等教育人才培养专业结构调整优化的对策建议.

After a brief review of related researches, the changes of structures of triple industry and manufacturing are checked from 2000 to 2012 in China. Under the circumstance that the disciplines are classified appropriately, the changes of structures of triple industry - related specialties and manufacturing - related specialties are combed in the same period. The harmony of industry structure and specialty structure is analyzed based on the model of distance coordination degree. The result shows that the degree of harmony between structures of triple industry and structures of triple industry - related specialties is higher than the degree of harmony between structures manufacturing and structures of manufacturing - related specialties. Furthermore, the degree of harmony between struc- tures of triple industry and structures of triple industry - related specialties is increasing year by year and the degree of harmony between structures manufacturing and structures of manufacturing - related specialties is decreasing year by year. From the background of the degrees change of consistency between industry structure and specialty structure, the reasons of the change trends and the difficulty of graduates employment and shortage of skilled personnel are analyzed. Some countermeasures about adjustment and optimization of specialties of higher education are put forward at last.