从“温”看儒者的精神基调与气度

On the Tone and Style of Confucian Spirit from the Concept of Warmth

《诗》《书》以"温"论德,将"温"作为"德之基"。孔子继承此以"温"论"德"传统,并在"仁"的根基上赋予了"温"以新的内涵:以自己的德性生命融化物我之距离,以热切的生命力量突破一己之限,贯通、契入仁爱之道,完成有限生命之超越,促进人物之成就。后儒进一步拓展引申,使"温"与仁、元、春相互贯通,由此凸显出"温"之生化品格,从而使其获得深沉的本体论内涵,成为儒者之德的标志。作为在世方式,"温"被理解为气象、德容,同时也是认知的前提与路径,并由此构成了儒者之思想基调与思想之方法、取向与归宿。在此意义上,以"温"在世不仅成为儒者在世之直接可感形态,也构成了儒者区别于释、老之标志性特征。

The concept of ＂warmth＂（＂ 温 ＂） was regarded as virtue in the Book of Songs and the Book of History, even as the base of virtue. Confucius inherited this thought, and gave new meaning to warmth on the foundation of benevolence. Namely, to melt the distance between the others and me in virtue of moral life, to break their own limit with eager moral force, to experience kindheartedness, to transcend the finite life, and to promote the achievement of other lives. Confucian discussed warmth systematically on the foundation of benevolence, and further expanded the content of warmth, communicated it with benevolence, the beginning and the spring, thus highlighted its character of creation, and made it obtain the deep ontological connotation. As a living style, warmth is understood as the image of virtue, the premise, path of cognition, and constitutes the orientation and the method of Confucian thought and destination. In this sense, warmth not only becomes the direct sensible image of Confucian, but also Confucian sign which is different from Laozi and Buddhis.