国民素质与普选民主——第一届全国人民代表大会前中国共产党的理论认知与制度构建

National Quality and the Democracy of Universal Suffrage——The CCP's Theoretical Concepts and System Construction before the First National People's Congress

人民代表大会制度的创立,为中国现代政治确立了普选原则及其制度。中国共产党反对以国民素质普遍较低为由否定普选的观念,围绕第一届全国人民代表大会的召开,确立了一系列具有充分民主内涵的普选原则,在1950年代的普选实践中进一步对社会主义民主的理论和制度进行了有益的探索。同时,以选民身份来确认公民身份,有效协调了精英政治与大众民主的关系,从而加强了社会政治认同,为中国现代政治发展奠定了基础。

The creation of National People’s Congress helped establish the general principles of modern politics at the beginning of new China.Excluding the idea of the universal suffrage on the basis of the relatively low national quality,the Chinese Communist Party instituted a series of democratic principles for general election at the First National People ’s Congress,and went on to explore and experiment with the theories of socialist democracy in the election practice of 1950 . At the same time,the voter identity confirmation of citizenship effectively coordinated the relationship between the elite politics and the mass democracy,thus strengthening the so.cial and political identity of the new country,and laying a solid foundation for modern politics in China.