宋代僧人之间诗歌唱和探析

A Study on the Poetic Communication between Monks in the Song Dynasty

宋代僧众内部唱和基本采用教禅话语系统,与僧、俗二众之间唱和大多采用士人话语系统颇不相同,这种内、外有别的话语系统使得僧人唱和具有双重文学形态和审美标准。颂古唱和可以说是僧众内部唱和最具原创性的方式,这种唱和给宋代以士大夫为主流的诗歌唱和增添了新的样态;僧众之间的应请应求、寄赠答谢诗歌让俗众窥探到僧众的生活情状与情感;《东林和尚云门庵主颂古》、《无象照公梦游天台石桥颂轴》、《一帆风》等唱和集的留存,展示出僧众内部唱和的方式与规模。僧众内部唱和为已经十分繁荣的宋代唱和文化增补了更加丰富的方外内涵与形态。

The monks in the Song Dynasty basically used the linguistic system of Buddhism and Zen in their poetic presentation and response, which was very different from the linguistic system shared by both monks and men of letters in their poetic presentation and response. Such difference in the linguistic systems used internally and externally made monks obtain double literary pattern and aesthetic standard. The presentation and response of the Buddhist song is the most original form of poetry among the monks, adding new literary forms to the poetry presentation and response popular with men of letters. Both the presentation and response in gratitude by means of poetry among the monks showed how lively and passionate the lives of the monks were to men of letters. The Buddhist Song by Donglin Monk, The Buddhist song by Wuxiang Zhaogong on His Dream Journey to the Stone Bridge of Tiantai, and A Blow of Wind,-all these poems show the way and scale of the monks poetic presentation and response.