中俄界河黑龙江生态环境保护与治理的对策研究

A Study on Countermeasures for Ecological Environment Protection and Management of Sino-Russian Border River Heilongjiang

首先从黑龙江多处河段水质污染、流域内森林和湿地资源受到破坏、野生动物及鱼类资源锐减等方面阐述黑龙江流域生态环境出现恶化不容忽视的现状;然后分析指出黑龙江生态环境保护与治理存在缺少指导保护工作的整体规划、缺少统一联合指挥与协调的专门机构、缺少健全完善的两国联合的生态环境监测治理体系、界河黑龙江部分江段堤岸缺少抵御特大洪灾的滞洪设施等亟待解决的问题;最后提出加强中俄界河黑龙江生态环境保护与治理的建议:⑴把界河黑龙江的生态保护与环境治理纳入政府议事日程;⑵协商签订中俄界河黑龙江生态环境保护和综合治理的合作协定;⑶中俄联合制定界河黑龙江生态环境保护与治理的科学规划;⑷科学合理开发利用黑龙江的资源;⑸成立中俄界河黑龙江生态环境保护与治理的统一指挥和协调机构;⑹借鉴国际经验建立中俄界河黑龙江生态环境保护及治理多层面合作模式;⑺加强生态文明道德建设,构建和谐流域文化。

First,elaborated the status quo which ecological environment deterioration of Heilongjiang River have been not ignored,from the aspects of the many places of Heilongjiang River water been pollution,forest and wetland resources in the basin are damaged, forest and wetland resources dropped. Then analysts pointed out that the lack of an overall plan to guide conservation efforts,the lack of a unified joint command and coordination of the specialized agencies,the lack of a sound and comprehensive bilateral joint governance system of ecological monitoring environment,boundary rivers in Heilongjiang River embankment missing part withstand floods of detention facilities and other problems existed in the Heilongjiang River environmental protection and governance to be solved. Finally put forward to strengthen Sino-Russian border river Heilongjiang River ecological environment protection and governance advice： ⑴the inclusion of the ecological protection and environmental control of border Heilongjiang into the government＇s agenda,⑵ the negotiation and assignment of the border river＇s ecological environment protection and comprehensive cooperation agreement between China and Russia,⑶ establishment of the scientific planning for Sino-Russian border Heilongjiang＇s ecological environment protection and management,⑷scientific and rational development and utilization of resources in Heilongjiang river,⑸establishment of a unified command and coordination institution for the border river Heilongjiang＇s ecological environment protection and management,⑹drawing lessons from international experience to build a multi-level cooperation mode for Sino-Russian border Heilongjiang＇s ecological environment protection and governance,⑺strengthening the construction of ecological moral civilization and harmonious culture.