再论时间副词的分类

Classification of Time Adverbs Revisited

不同的时间副词,表达的时间意义不一样。本文拟运用语义特征分析的方法,通过对52个副词所表示的时间意义的特征描写,给时间副词再作分类,然后通过比较不同小类与时态助词"了1""了2"的共现情况以及对不同类别动词的选择情况的考察,验证不同小类时间副词在句法功能上的对立。共分先时、后时、延时、瞬时四个基本类11个下级小类,每一小类都具有独特的时间意义特征,每一小类在语法表现上也具有非常高的一致性。

Different time adverbs express different temporal meanings. Based on a thorough description of 52 time adverbs, this article reclassifies the time adverbs by means of semantic features analysis. The article also verifies that different categories of time ad- verbs have opposing syntactic functions by comparing their eo-oecurrence with ＂lel＂（了1） or ＂le2＂（了2） and different verbs. Specifically, the time adverbs are classified into four basic categories （namely priority, posteriority, delay and instant）, which can be further divided into 11 secondary categories. Each category possesses particular temporal meaning features and high consistency in syntactic representation.