上海市最低工资标准的合理性——基于最低工资收入者角度的实证分析

The Rationality of Minimum Wage Standard in Shanghai—An Empirical Study Based on the Perspective of Minimum Wage Earners

最低工资制度是世界各国普遍采用的劳动保障制度，其目的在于维护劳动者取得劳动报酬的合法权利，保障劳动者尤其是低收入劳动者及其家庭成员的基本生活。文章依据相关法规政策规定的最低工资标准制定时需要考虑的因素，从保障低收入劳动者基本生活需要的角度，应用统计性描述方法对1993-2012年上海市最低工资与职工平均工资、人均GDP、最低社会保障线、人均消费性支出等进行分析。分析结果发现上海市最低工资与职工月平均工资的比远低于40%-60%的国际标准，与人均GDP的比值低于全国平均水平，表明上海市最低工资标准偏低，需要进一步改进或完善相关政策。

The minimum wage is one of the most popular labor and social security systems in the world, which aims at safe-guarding the legitimate rights of laborers to get payment for their work and protecting the basic living standard for both low-in-come laborers themselves and their families. In accordance with the factors need to be considered when setting minimum wage standard, which are required by the relevant regulations and policies, from the perspective of protecting the basic needs of low-income workers, the paper applies the statistical description method to analyze the factors of minimum wage and average wage of staff and workers, per capita GDP, the minimum social security standard, per capita consumption expenditure in Shanghai from the year of 1993 to 2012. The paper discovers that the ratio of minimum wage to average monthly wage in Shang-hai is 40%~60%and far below the international standard and the ratio of per capita GDP is lower than the national average lev-el,which indicates that the minimum wage standard of Shanghai is low and the related policies need to be further improved and perfected.