城乡人口空间迁移模式的比较研究

A Comparative Research on the Spatial Migration Pattern of Urban and Rural Population

农村移民过度集聚不利于城市化可持续发展。文章利用第六次全国人口普查数据的研究结果显示,农村移民表现出显著的单向迁移特征,空间分布高度集中化。但城镇移民双向迁移特征更为明显,空间分布更为均衡。从劳动力市场条件的角度解释认为:户籍制度约束使得农村人口迁移仅基于经济因素考虑,因而空间集聚度很高。而城镇人口由于能够免受此类约束,迁移决策不仅基于经济因素,而且基于社会、文化、环境等多因素考虑,因而空间分布更为均衡。文章认为,建立一种相对均衡的农村移民空间迁移模式,关键是要彻底改革户籍制度,使农村移民享有与城镇居民同等的公共服务获取权。

An excessive agglomeration of rural migrants would be harmful to the sustainable development of urbanization. Based on the sixth national census data,the study indicates that rural migrants show a significant feature of unidirectional mi-gration and a high centralization of the spatial distribution. However,urban migrants show a significant feature of two-way mi-gration and a more balanced spatial distribution. The answer,from the perspective of labor market conditions,is that the con-straints of the Hukou system to make rural migrant only consider economic factors,which results in a high degree of spatial ag-glomeration.The decisions of urban migrants, due to free to the above constraints, are based on not only economic factors but also social, cultural, environmental and other considerations, which brings about a more balanced spatial distribution. The paper proposes that it is essential to reform the Hukou system thoroughly and make rural migrants have the equal rights to get ac-cess to public services as urban residents for establishing a relatively balanced spatial migration pattern of rural migrants.