辛亥革命后(1912—1924年)旗人生计问题研究

On Living Problems of Eight Banners' Livelihood after the 1911 Revolution(1912—1924)

辛亥鼎革,南京临时政府、袁世凯与清政府达成《清室优待条件》,民国政府做出了"先筹八旗生计,于未筹定之前,八旗兵牟俸饷,仍旧支放"的允诺。实际上,八旗生计并未筹定,粮饷照发亦未落到实处,人口多达数百万的旗人群体在民国初年的生存境况急剧恶化。中央与地方政府成立专司旗人生计问题的机构,采取一定措施,例如创办旗人工艺厂与教育机构,清理旗产、直接赈济等。但总体看来,这些措施效果并不显著。旗人最终不得不走上自谋生计的平民化道路。

Qing dynasty was replaced by The Republic of China in 1911 . Yuan Shikai in symbol of the revolu-tionaries signed an agreement with The Qing Court,promised to help the eight banners make a living before this coming true,the provisions and funds for troops were continued to extend. But The Republic of China did not real-ize those promises. With the eight banners system being dismantled,the banner people were pushed into the orbit of urbanism. The central government,local government and banners’ groups had taken some actions to solve the living problems of the banner people,but did not meet the purpose. The eight banners had to make a living by themselves.