从《文艺十条》到《文艺八条》——20世纪60年代初期文艺调整的政策转向及其历史意义

From Wen Yi Shi Tiao to Wen Yi Ba Tiao——Study on the Political Turn and Historical Significance of the Literary and Artistic Adjustment in the Early 1960's

1961年6月召开的全国文艺工作座谈会,除了充分讨论建国后文艺界出现的问题和对策,还讨论、促成了一份重要的政策性文件《关于当前文学艺术工作的意见(草案)》(简称《文艺十条》),但是正式出台的《关于当前文学艺术工作若干问题的意见(草案)》(简称为《文艺八条》)却进行了大量的删改,这些删改主要是删除或压缩了许多具有现实针对性的、切实有利于文艺发展的内容,同时添加了诸多强调政治思想倾向的内容。这些政治性内容表现在对文艺工作者参加劳动和接受改造的要求、对文艺创作思想倾向的把控、对文艺批评和文艺报刊的限制、对文艺领导的加强等方面。这些修改反映出在特定历史时期文艺政策调整的局限性和潜伏着反复的某种预兆。

The National Symposium of Literature and Art in June 1961 had discussed and brought about an important policy document Suggestions about the Current Literature and Art （Draft） （abbreviated as Wen Yi Shi Tiao） besides discussing the problems and policies in literature and art after the founding of People＇s Republic of China. But formally issued Suggestions about Several Problems of the Current Literature and Art （draft） was different from Wen Yi Shi Tiao. These differences are deletion and compression of many policies which was of practical relevance and were good for the development of literature and art, at the same time adding many policies emphasizing politics. The political content included asking writers and artists to take part in work and accept transformation, the control of ideological tendency of literature and art, restriction of literary and artistic criticism and publications, reinforcement of literary and artistic leadership and so on. These differences reflected the limitation of literary and artistic adjustment and a certain forecast that the situation would go back in special historical period.