机构养老与孝道:南京养老机构调查的初步分析

Live in Elder Care Homes and Filial Piety:A Survey on Elder Care Homes in Nanjing

三十多年来计划生育政策的一个后果是我国人口结构的变化,特别是老龄人口的增加。城市中机构养老的方式开始成为家庭养老的一种补充。由于这一养老方式与中国传统文化中与家庭养老方式密切相关的孝道观念形成了一定的冲突,因此它所带来的人们对"孝道"认知的改变值得特别关注。通过对南京养老机构中老人及其子女的个案访谈资料,初步分析和探讨了与机构养老有关的养老方式及其孝道问题。结果发现,城市老人选择机构养老的原因包括子女工作忙、家中无人照料、住房紧张、与子女关系不好、长期生病等。对于机构养老的态度既有满意的,也有观望不定的,还有消极抵触的。而其子女的态度也是既有积极的,也有矛盾的。但无论老人还是子女,都不认为老人进机构养老是子女不孝顺的表现。

One result of the family plan policy is the changing of population structure, especially the increase of old people. The elder care home in cities is becoming an complementary to old care in families. Since this kind of old care poses conflict with the idea of filial piety in traditional culture which is closely associated with old care in families, it is an important problem that the elder care homes may change the cognition about filial piety. This paper analyzed and discussed these problems based on the interviewed data obtained from some elder care homes in Nanjing. The results show that urban elder people choose elder home cares are mainly for the reasons that their children are busy, no one can take care of them at home, lack of housing, the relationship with their children is bad, and ill for a long time, etc. Some of them think the elder care home is good, some not sure, and some think negatively. Some of their children think it positively, and some are contradictory. Both elder people and their children do not agree that sending elder into eider care homes is the opposite of filial piety.