转型时期纺织行业隐性强制劳动研究——以苏南某大型股份制国有纺织企业为个案

Recessive Forced Labor in Textile Industry in Transitional Period in China—A Case Study of a Large State-owned Shareholding Textile Enterprise in Southern Jiangsu

经过对苏南一家纺织工厂的观察、访谈发现,工人自愿性超长时间加班并不是工厂直接强制劳动的结果,而是在深富霸权性格的工厂体制里推行的一种更巧妙更隐秘的强制劳动——精心设计的薪酬制度、虚有其名的计件制。具体体现为计件的价格完全由工厂决定,工厂实施一种"浮动价格"、"浮动产量"与"固定工资"相关联的策略,计件工资操作的模糊性和封闭性。中国政府、劳工与全球资本利益博弈的结果,造就了当下中国特殊的横向和纵向分割的二元劳动力市场,从纵向"工龄"角度分割为旧体制下的"老人"和市场体制下的"新人",从横向户籍身份分割为本地劳工和外地劳工。以赋权为核心的"行动社会学"为解决这一困境提供了方向。

Based on the participant observation of a textile corporation in the south of Jiangsu province, it is disclosed that migrant workers consent to work overtime is contributed to a skillful and concealed forced labor mechanism with hegemonic regime instead of despotic regime as usual think- ing, which includes the wage system and hypocritical piecework system. Firstly, the price of the piece is completely determined by the factory; secondly, it is the ＂unfixed price＂, ＂unfixed production＂ and ＂fixed salary＂ strategy~ thirdly, fuzziness and closure operation of the piece also works. This is the re- sult of gaming between the Chinese government and labor and the global capitals, which leads to the vertical and horizontal division of Chings labor market. In the perspective of vertical line, the labor are divided into ＂old man＂ under the old system and ＂new man＂ in the market. In the perspective of hori- zontal line, local workers and migrant workers are divided into the ＂primary＂ and ＂secondary＂ in the labor market based on their different household registration. The empowerment theory supplies a pos- sible solution to this problem.