论侯外庐的“早期启蒙说”——兼论早期启蒙思潮中的自由思想因素

The Analysis of Hou Wailu's Early Enlightenment Theory:Discuss of Freedom Thought Factors of the Early Enlightenment Ideas

侯外庐依据社会史与思想史相结合、启蒙运动的普遍规律和中国的特殊情况相结合等马克思主义理论和方法,论证了明末清初中国社会具备资本主义萌芽因素,思想上产生了早期启蒙思潮。"早期启蒙说"的提出超越了中国的现代化完全来自外部刺激的学术偏见,发掘了中国社会内部要求变迁的因素。早期启蒙思想家批判了封建等级制、科举制等,其思想意识中颇多对自由等现代性价值的向往。由于不充分的社会条件,他们的自由思想虽具有现代意义,但局限性也十分明显。

According to the Marxism theory and method, combining the social history and history of thought, the universal law of enlightenment and Chinese special cases, Hou Wailu thought the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty Chinese society had the seeds of capitalism and generated the early Enlightenment thought. The Early Enlightenment Theory surpasses the academic bias that China＇s modernization is an external stimulus, and explores the changes factors from Chinese traditional society. Early Enlightenment thinkers criticized the feudal hierarchy and the imperial examination system in hope to achieve freedom and democracy and so on. Because of inadequate economic condition, their freedom thought is full of modernity, but the limitation is obvious.