周恩来与新中国成立初期的高等教育变革

Zhou Enlai and Higher Education Reform in the Early of New China

周恩来对新中国成立初期的高等教育变革做出了重要贡献:一是在《共同纲领》的起草、修改中,强调高等教育要与经济社会发展相适应,要与基础教育、中等教育先后衔接,共同为提高人民大众的科学文化水平服务,从而明确了高等教育在新中国教育体系中的发展定位;二是在平、津等大城市解放后,制定实施了稳步改造旧有高等学校的方针政策,并抓住有利时机,彻底将外国势力从新中国的高等学校中清除出去,维护了中国教育的主权;三是在第一届全国高等教育会议前后,对建立集中统一的高等教育管理体制问题做出了重要指示,并领导政务院颁布了相应的法令法规,从制度上保障和巩固了新中国成立初期高等教育变革的成果。

Zhou Enlai has made important contributions to higher education reform in the early of New China:Firstly,when drafting and modifying the 'Common Programme',he emphasized that higher education should adapt to the economic and social development and serve for improving people's scientific and cultural level with elementary education and secondary education,which clearly set up higher education's development orientation in New China's educational system;Secondly,after the liberation of Beijing,Tianjin and other big cities,he formulated and implemented the policies of steadily transforming old colleges and universities,seized the favorable opportunity to completely clear foreign forces out of New China's colleges and universities,which safeguarded the sovereignty of China's education;Thirdly,around the First Session of the National Conference on Higher Education,he made important instructions to establish centralized management system of higher education and led the Government Administrative Council to promulgate the corresponding laws and decrees and regulations,which safeguarded and consolidated the results of higher education reform in the early of New China institutionally.