新中国成立初期农村私塾的改造(1949—1952)

The Transformation of Rural Private Schools Made by the People's Republic of China(1949—1952)

1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立时,私塾在中国城乡依然大量存在。新政权从1949年10月到1952年底,积极实施改造私塾的政策,到1952年底农村私塾基本绝迹,私塾改造取得了很大成效。建国初期的私塾改造与清末以来的私塾改良一脉相承,符合小学教育现代化的趋势。新政权在改造私塾方面取得不俗的成绩同时,也出现了忽视私塾传承中华传统文化和普及文化知识、不利于农民文化水平的提高等问题。

There still existed many private schools in cities and rural areas around China when the People＇ s Republic of China was founded on October 1,1949. From October, 1949 to December, 1952, active measures were taken by the New Gov- ernment to successfully transform the countryside private schools,which were finally eliminated by the end of 1952. The private schools transformation made by the People＇ s Republic of China can be traced back to the private schools reformation initiated at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and it was an integral part of the primary education modernization. The private schools transfor- mation was a remarkable success, but its negative effects are obvious：ignoring the positive role the private schools could play in spreading and popularizing cultural knowledge, and impairing the inhabitation of Chinese traditional culture and the enhance- ment of the peasants＇ educational level.