美国的利息平衡税及其效果和影响(1963—1974)

United States Interest Equalization Tax and Its Influences( 1963—1974)

国际收支逆差困扰着20世纪50年代末至70年代初的美国历届政府。肯尼迪政府试图通过利息平衡税限制长期资本外流,以改善美国国际收支状况。约翰逊政府通过《利息平衡税法》将此税合法化、常态化。尼克松政府逐渐放宽对资本外流的管制,并于1974年中止利息平衡税。利息平衡税在扼制长期资本外流上取得了一定成效,但在改善美国整体国际收支状况上作用有限。利息平衡税在客观上促进了欧洲美元市场的繁荣,并促进欧洲货币市场的多元化发展。

Balance of payments deficit was one of the major problems that obsessing the administrations of the United States from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. President Kennedy put forward Interest Equalization Tax aiming at controlling long term capital outflow in order to improve American balance of payments. United States congress enacted Interest Equaliza- tion Tax Act of 1963 during Johnson administration. From then on,the tax was legalized and normalized. Nixon Administration loosened controls on capital outflow gradually and stopped Interest Equalization Tax in 1974. Although Interest Equalization Tax did limit contribution in improving American balance of payments position, but it did help the prosperity of Eurodollar Market and the diversification of Eurocurrency market.