隐喻与“黑”颜色及其隐喻意义

Metaphor and the Color “Black” with its Metaphorical Meanings

颜色词经过了"以物喻色"和"以色喻物"双向的隐喻过程。隐喻过程产生模糊性。"黑"颜色的模糊性首先表现在语言中的"黑色"与现代色彩理论的黑色不完全吻合,汉语"黑色"在以物喻色的过程中,产生了一系列表示黑色的词汇,这些词汇表达各种不同色差的黑色,也就是说黑色不是绝对的,而是模糊的;其次是"黑颜色"在语言文化中的隐喻意义是好坏褒贬对立统一,死亡与生命于一体:既是"高贵"、"肃穆"、"正直"之色,又是"不光彩"、"隐蔽"与"邪恶"之色;既是表达死亡的静默之色,又是孕育生命的象征。

The concept of the color“black”is vague. Man gets the concept from the color of the material objects such as fire, coal and some plants, fabrics, minerals, animals, climatic phenomenon, and even the symptoms of some disease in a metaphorical process on the basis of similarities, where the color （black） gets its fuzziness with some features from the material objects. And then man projects the concept of color （black） with its features onto other aspects of living in another metaphorical process, where the color （black） gets many different meanings and more fuzziness, and broad differences in English and Chinese culture. It means“noble”,“respectful”,“fair-minded”together with the meanings of“dishonorable”,“secret”,“illegal”and“evil”;it is both the color of death and life.