试论莱蒙托夫抒情诗中的象征诗

A Tentative Analysis of Lermontov's Symbolic Poems in His Lyric Poetry

一般认为,莱蒙托夫的抒情诗是典型的浪漫主义诗歌,或直抒胸臆,或内心独白,缺乏现代诗所具有的那种含蓄蕴藉、富有多义性。其实,莱蒙托夫在抒情诗创作中已开始追求含蓄蕴藉、耐人寻味,具体表现是他创作了二十余首象征诗,并且达到了一定的艺术高度。其象征诗大约可分为三种类型:一是与比喻难分的象征诗,往往由一个比喻拉长、展开,形成相对出现的本体和喻体,并且往往曲终奏雅,点明主旨,主要产生在其创作的早期;二是借民间传说或外国诗来构成通体象征的象征诗,是颇为成熟的象征诗;三是自创的通体象征诗,这是诗人创作中最具独创性也最有艺术价值的作品。

It is generally acknowledged that Lermontov＇s lyric poetry is characterized as romantic, which is either willing to speak one＇s mind or showing one＇s internal monologue.Hence, these poems are believed to fall into the category of mo dern poetry for lack of implicitness and ambiguity.As a matter of fact, twenty among Lermontov＇s symbolic poems do have these features.These poems can be divided into three types.The first type is the complicated metaphor where the tenor and the vehicle appear side by side.This type is given a brilliant ending and is created at the earlier stage.The second type belongs to the mature type of poems where folklores and foreign poems are used as symbols.The third type, which is created by the poet, is the most original symbolic type of poems and is of outstanding artistic value.