日本“过劳死”和“过劳自杀”的认定基准与启示

The Affirmative Standard and Inspiration of Karoshi and Karoshi Suicide

在日本,"过劳死"和"过劳自杀"已经成为严重的社会问题。"过劳死"和"过劳自杀"如果认定为劳动灾害,就可以得到劳动法律的相应保护和救济。在具体认定时,"业务实行性"和"业务起因性"是两个重要的相互联系的基准,明确劳动者的死亡与工作是否具有关联性。2007年制定的《劳动契约法》实现了对雇主安全照顾义务的立法化,体现了保护劳动者生命和健康的理念与宗旨。我国有必要借鉴日本经验,将"工伤"理念转变为"劳动灾害"、"职业灾害"理念,在注重物理性工伤防治机能的同时,关注精神性障碍的防治机能,并制定符合国情的劳动灾害认定标准。

In Japan, Karoshi and Karoshi Suicide have become severe social problems. If they could be affirmed as the labour crisis, the victim could acquire corresponding protection and relief. Specifically, two standards, i.e. business implementation and the buslness-caused are interrelated. So we should identify the relationship between the work and death of the employee. Since the promulgation of Labour Contract Law 2007, an obligation of the employer to take care of employees was regulated. It is indicative of the principle of protecting employees＇ life and health. Therefore, it is necessary to learn Japanese experiences to transform the idea of occupational injury to labour crisis or occupational crisis. Alongside focusing physically preventive method, the psychological obstacles should also be emphasized thereby making affirmative regulations adapted to the social circumstance.