异育银鲫“中科三号”对盐度和碳酸盐碱度的耐受性

Tolerability studies of Carassius auratus gibelio to salinity and carbonate alkalinity

研究了盐度和碳酸盐碱度对不同规格异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)"中科三号"鱼种的急性和慢性毒性。结果表明,异育银鲫"中科三号"大规格鱼种[L=(8.81±0.62)cm]48、72 h和96 h的盐度半致死浓度分别为15.433、14.352、13.855,盐度安全浓度为4.63;碳酸盐碱度在24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度分别为73.105、71.861、71.198、70.368 mmol·L-1,碳酸盐碱度的安全浓度为20.33 mmol·L-1。小规格鱼种[L=(1.78±0.12)cm]24、48、72 h和96 h盐度的半致死浓度分别为11.339、11.026、10.653、10.080,盐度安全浓度为2.98;碳酸盐碱度的半致死浓度分别为52.656、51.889、50.378、49.664 mmol·L-1,碳酸盐碱度的安全浓度为13.20 mmol·L-1。大规格"中科三号"鱼种对盐度和碳酸盐碱度的耐受性均比小规格鱼种强;慢性毒性实验中异育银鲫"中科三号"鱼种[L=(3.73±0.12)cm]的特定生长率和相对增重率均随着盐碱浓度的增大而降低。60 d实验后盐度3、5和7组的特定生长率分别为1.14、0.67和0.23,相对增重率分别为98.64、49.24和14.80;碳酸盐碱度7、12和17 mmol·L-1组的特定生长率分别为1.12、0.66和0.29,相对增重率分别为96.06、48.40和19.23。盐度和碳酸盐碱度浓度越强,对异育银鲫"中科三号"鱼种生长的影响越大。

In China,there are 9.907 × 107 hm2 billion mu of saline-alkali land,and most of them are left unused.With water quality improvement,saline-alkali water areas can be exploited reasonably and sustainably to develop fishery.The newly developed breed of fish suitable for cultivation,Carassius auratus gibelio has the advantages of good adaptability,fast growth,stable genetic characters,high survival rate,etc.It is meaningful to develop healthy fishery using this fish breed in saline-alkali water areas.Various sizes of Carassius auratus gibelio were studied in this paper.Toxicology test was made to study the acute and chronic effects of salinity and carbonate alkalinity on various sizes of Carassius auratus gibelio.Results showed that,for large-size Carassius auratus gibelio [L =（8.81 ± 0.62） cm],the half lethal concentration in 48 h,72 h,and 96 h was 15.433,14.352,and 13.855 respectively,the safe concentration for salinity was 4.63 ; the half lethal concentration for alkalinity was 73.105,71.861,71.198,and 70.368 mmol · L-1 respectively.The safe concentration for carbonate alkalinity was 20.33 mmol · L-1.The half lethal concentration for salinity of the small-size [L =（1.78 ±0.12） cm] was 11.339,11.026,10.653,and 10.080 respectively.The safe concentration for salinity was 2.98 ; the half lethal concentration for alkalinity was 52.656,51.889,50.378,and 49.664 mmol · L-1 respectively.The safe concentration for carbonate alkalinity was 13.20 mmol · L-1 In terms of tolerance to salinity and alkalinity,the large-size fish was better than the small-size.In the chronic toxicology test,specific productivity rate and comparative growth rate of Carassius auratus gibelio [L =（3.73 ± 0.12） cm] will lower with the increase of saline-alkali concentration.After the 60-day test,specific productivity rates in salinity 3,5,and 7 were 1.14,0.67,and 0.23,with comparative growth rates of 98.64,49.24,and 14.80.In terms of levels of alkalinity 7,12,and 17mmol · L-1,specific productivity rates were 1.12,0.66,and 0.29,with comparative growth rate 96.06,48.40,and 19.23.Results suggested that,for Carassius auratus gibelio,higher concentration of salinity and carbonate alkalinity had greater effects on growth.The data of tolerance capacity to salinity and alkalinity of various sizes of Carassius auratus gibelio through acute and chronic toxicology test serve as basic data for healthy fishery in saline-alkali water areas.