聚2-丙烯酸甲酯-1-甲基吡啶盐的合成与表征及其在活性染料无盐染色中的应用

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(2-methacrylate-1-methyl pyridinium iodide) and Its Application to Salt-free Reactive Dyeing

以丙烯酰氯、2-吡啶甲醇和碘甲烷为原料,合成了不同分子量、不同阳离子化度的聚2-丙烯酸甲酯-1-甲基吡啶盐(PMAMPI).采用核磁共振(1H-NMR)对单体结构进行了表征,用红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、电导率、热重分析(TG)分别对聚合物的结构、分子量及分布、阳离子化度和耐热性进行了表征;并用沉淀实验和质谱(ESI-MS)证明了PMAMPI在碱性条件下的水解反应.将PMAMPI应用于棉织物活性染料无盐冷轧堆染色,结果发现在实验范围内,因聚合物分子量分布宽,使分子量对染色织物的得色深度影响小;聚合物的阳离子化度在35%左右时,染色织物得色深度最深.同常规有盐染色对比表明:经PMAMPI预处理的棉织物,染色后织物得色深度、各项染色牢度值均达到或略超过有盐染色的水平,染色后织物的强度、透湿、透气性能没有受到影响.

The monomer 2-methacrylate-1-methyl pyridine（ MAMP） was synthesized by using acryloyl chloride and 2-pyridine methanol. Then,poly（2-methacrylate-1-methyl pyridine）（ PMAMP） with different molecular weights was prepared by free radical polymerization of MAMP. PMAMP was further reacted with methyl iodide to give poly（ 2-methacrylate-1-methyl pyridinium iodide）（ PMAMPI） of various cationic degrees.1H-NMR was used to analyze the structure of monomers. The structure of polymer,molecular weight and distribution,cationic degree and heat resistance of PMAMPI were tested using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（ FTIR）,Gel permeation chromatography（ GPC）,electrical conductivity test,and thermal gravimetric analysis（TG） respectively. The precipitation experiment and mass spectrometry（ ESI-MS） tests were performed and it was proven that PMAMPI was hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. The produced PMAMPI was applied to the salt-free reactive dyeing of cotton fabrics by cold pad batch method to achieve better dyeing properties. The influence of molecular weight and cationic degree of polymers on dyeing performance was studied. The results showed that the influence of molecular weight on color yields was diminished within the testing range due to the broad molecular weight distribution. The deepest color yield of dyed fabric was found at 35% of cationic degree of the polymer. The color yields and colorfastness properties（wash fastness,rubbing fastness and light fastness） of dyed fabrics by using cold pad batch salt-free dyeing method with PMAMPI pretreatment of cotton fabrics were closed to,or even better than,those using conventional salt dyeing method. There was no significant difference in the resulting breaking strength,moisture permeability and air permeability between the salt dyeing method and the studied salt-free dyeing method. It is concluded that the PMAMPI can be used as a salt-free auxiliary in reactive dyeing on cotton fabrics.