玉米、大豆根系分泌物对马铃薯块茎萌发和萌芽生长的化感效应

Allelopathic Effects of Root Exudates from Corn and Soybean on Tuber Germination and Bud Growth of Potato

为了探讨玉米、大豆与马铃薯间作、套种或轮作的生化关系,研究了玉米、大豆根系分泌物对马铃薯块茎萌发和萌芽生长的化感效应。结果表明:玉米、大豆根系分泌物均能促进马铃薯块茎萌发和萌芽生长,但2种根系分泌物及其不同浓度(100%、50%、25%)对马铃薯块茎萌发和萌芽生长的效应不同。高浓度(100%)玉米根系分泌物能显著促进马铃薯块茎萌发,提高马铃薯块茎发芽势,而低浓度(25%)则抑制马铃薯块茎萌发;大豆根系分泌物高、中、低浓度均能显著提高马铃薯块茎的发芽率和发芽势;2种根系分泌物所有浓度处理均显著提高了马铃薯块茎的活力指数,以100%玉米根系分泌物处理提高的幅度最大。玉米和大豆根系分泌物显著增加了马铃薯萌芽的鲜质量、干质量及长度,其中高浓度的根系分泌物表现出较强的促进作用。2种根系分泌物显著提高了马铃薯块茎中的淀粉酶活性,其中高浓度玉米根系分泌物提高的幅度最大,其次是高浓度的大豆根系分泌物。由此可见,玉米和大豆是马铃薯的良好前茬作物,其也可与马铃薯进行间作、套种。

In order to study the biochemical relationships between intercropped crops （corn, soybean and potato）,this test investigated allelopathic effects of corn,soybean root exudates on potato tuber germination and bud growth.The results showed that root exudates from corn and soybean were all able to promote tuber germination and bud growth of potato,but different types of root exudates and their different concentrations had different allelopathic effects.High concentrations （100%）of root exudates from corn promoted significantly potato tuber germination, increased tuber germination potential,whereas low concentrations（25%）inhibited germination. Soybean root exudates whether at high concentration or low concentration had a significant promoting effect on tuber germination rate and germination potential of potato.The root exudates from corn and soybean increased significantly the vigor index,with high concentration（100%）of root exudates from corn having the biggest increase.The root exudates from corn increased significantly bud fresh （dry）weight and bud length of potato,among which high concentration showed the strongest growth promotion effect,and a similar trend was observed among the root＆amp;nbsp;exudates from soybean.The two types of root exudates significantly increased amylase vigor in potato tuber.High concentration of corn root exudates showed the strongest promotion effect, followed by the 100% concentration of soybean root exudates.Thus,corn and soybean are the fine front stubble crops of rotational potato,and they can also be intercropped with potato.