茶树根际土壤解磷细菌的筛选及解磷活性分析

Screening and Analysis of Phosphate-solubilizing Activity of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria from Rhizosphere Soil of Tea Plant

为了获得具有高效解磷活性和应用潜力的根际促生菌,从河南省信阳黄棕壤茶区采集茶树根际土壤样品,采用选择性培养基,以稀释培养法筛选具有解磷能力的细菌。结果表明,共筛选获得具有较强解磷能力的根际细菌36株,其中,解无机磷细菌23株,解有机磷细菌13株;解磷细菌主要分布于芽孢杆菌属、类芽孢杆菌属、伯克氏菌属、肠杆菌属、不动杆菌属和假单胞菌属,其中,芽孢杆菌和类芽孢杆菌为优势种群。解磷特性和活性测定结果表明,蜡样芽孢杆菌、类芽孢杆菌和伯克氏菌兼具解无机磷和有机磷的作用,而假单胞菌仅具有解有机磷的作用;23株解无机磷细菌中,18株的解磷活性大于100μg/mL,13株解有机磷细菌的解磷活性均大于40μg/mL。

In order to screen the strains with potential applications in microbial fertilizer,phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms were screened from rhizosphere soil of tea plants grown in brown-yellow soil of Xinyang area in Henan province,using dilution-culture method on selective media.The results showed that a total of 36 phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains（PSBs）were obtained.Among the 36 PSBs,23 strains could solubilize inorganic phosphate,and 1 3 strains could solubilize organic phosphate.The 3 6 PSBs mainly distributed in Bacillus,Paenibacillus,Burkholdeia,Enterobacter,Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas,in which,Bacillus spp.and Paenibacillus spp.were the dominant population in rhizosphere soil of tea plants.Phosphate-solubilizing ability of 3 6 PSBs were assayed,and the results indicated that strains of Bacillus cereus,Paenibacillus spp.and Burkholdeia spp.could solubilize both inorganic phosphate and organic phosphate,but strains of Pseudomonas spp.could only solubilize organic phosphate.Among 2 3 inorganic PSBs,the inorganic phosphate-solubilizng activities of 1 8 strains were more than 100μg/mL,and the organic phosphate-solubilizng activities of 13 strains were more than 4 0μg/mL.