摘要
进行了均质土石坝漫顶破坏水槽试验,试验中观测到3种漫顶破坏模式:陡坎蚀退冲刷溃决模式、剪切蚀退坍塌溃决模式和浸泡剥蚀破坏模式,不同破坏模式溃口形成和发展阶段坝体破坏类型差异较大.坝高、筑坝材料、漫顶流量和坝顶抗侵蚀能力非均匀分布等因素影响坝体破坏方式,如坝顶非均匀冲刷产生的束水作用造成的"凹形"蚀退、其他条件相同情况下筑坝材料强弱导致的剪切或陡坎蚀退和坝高大小导致的陡坎蚀退或浸泡剥蚀等.这些因素通过影响不同位置侵蚀速率,共同决定了漫顶破坏模式,而后者对漫顶破坏过程和溃坝参数(破坏持续时间、最大下泄流量等)影响较大.
During the breaking tests on homogeneous earth-rock dam,three types of overtopping break modes with great different failure types in breach initial and development stages were observed,i.e.headcut erosion and scour breaching mode;shear erosion and collapse breaching mode;and wetting-shear erosion mode.Factors including dam height,dam materials,inlet flow and nonuniform dam top,etc.have great effects on the mode of dam body destruction,such as＂concave＂head-cut erosion caused by nonuniform erosion on dam top,shear or headcut or wetting-shear erosion determined by dam materials and height with the same other conditions.All these factors together determine the overtopping break mode,which have great effects on dam break processes and break parameters such as break time and maximum dam-break discharge.
出处
《武汉大学学报（工学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第5期610-614,共5页
Engineering Journal of Wuhan University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:10932012)
关键词
土石坝
漫顶溃决
破坏模式
earth-rock dam
overtopping break
break mode
