珍稀濒危植物猬实的开花特性与传粉生物学研究

Flowering characteristics and pollination biology of rare and endangered Kolkwitzia amabilis

对迁地保护的珍稀濒危植物猬实的开花动态、花粉活力、柱头可授性、访花昆虫种类、访花频率、花粉与胚珠比（P/O）、异交指数（OCI）进行观测。结果表明：猬实的单花期约为7d,种群花期约为14d,花冠展开后2～3h,花粉活力达到最高,约为90%,3d后花粉基本不具活力。在整个单花期,柱头一直具可授性,花冠展开后第2天可授性最强。花粉与胚珠比（P/O）为（398.1±63.7）,异交指数（OCI）为3,表明猬实是以异交为主,自交亲和的繁育系统,有时需要传粉者完成传粉过程。猬实的访花昆虫有10余种,以膜翅目蜜蜂科和隧蜂科昆虫为主,另外还有少量双翅目食蚜蝇科昆虫,偶见鳞翅目的柑橘凤蝶和长喙天蛾,其中以蜜蜂科蜜蜂属昆虫传粉效率最高。迁地保护的猬实未见结籽,其原因还有待于进一步研究。

The floral dynamics, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, floral visitors and their behaviors, pollen ovule rate （P/O） ,outcrossing index （OCI） of ex-situ conservation rare and endangered plant of Kolkwitzia amabilis were studied. The main results were as follows：the anthesis of K. arnabilis was about 7 days, the population flowering was about 14 d. Pollen viability achieved the maximum at 2-3 h after flowering, about 90%. After 3 days, no pollen viability was detected. Stigma shown acceptance during the entire anthesis and achieved the maximum at the second day after flowering. The pollen ovule rate （P/O） was 398.1q-63.7 and the outcrossing index （OCI） was 3,the results in- dicated that the breeding system was outcrossing with partial self-compatibility and sometimes pollinators were nee- ded. More than 10 species of insects were observed to visit the inflorescences of K. amabilis. The most common floral visitors were bees and halictids of Hymenoptera, also a small amount of hoverflies of Diptera and a few of bumblebees and lepidopteron,among which Apidae insects were the effective pollinators. No seed was detected in K. amabilis in the ex-situ environment, further study of which is still needed.