成年女性身体成分与骨密度的关系

Relationship between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Adult Women

目的 分析成年女性身体成分随增龄变化与骨密度（BMD）的关系。方法 选取行健康体检的≥30岁的女性155例，按年龄将其分为5组：30～39岁为A组（32例），40～49岁为B组（31例），50～59岁为C组（36例），60～69岁为D组（32例），≥70岁为E组（24例）,采用Luna Prodigy双能X线对5组的身体成分与BMD进行检测。结果 全身及大腿瘦组织量（LM及LLM）随增龄显著下降（P〈0.05）；躯干脂肪量（TFM）随增龄在B组和C组达到高峰平台，后逐渐下降。60岁以上组（D、E组）BMD均显著低于60岁以下组（A、B、C组）（P＆lt;0.05或P〈0.01），且B组和C组腰椎BMD显著低于A组，E组全髋BMD显著低于D组（均P〈0.01）。全身、躯干和左大腿组织成分绝对量均与腰椎和髋部BMD呈正相关（均P〈0.01）。控制体质量，身体成分与BMD偏相关分析显示仅LM与腰椎BMD呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论 30岁以上成年女性随增龄LM逐渐减少，TFM在40～59年龄组达高峰；髋部和腰椎BMD随增龄逐渐下降，且腰椎BMD下降早于髋部。 LM与腰椎BMD密切相关。

Objective To analyze the relationship between age-related changes in body com-position and bone mineral density （BMD） in adult women. Methods A total of 155 adult women aged 30 years or older were divided into 5 groups： group A （aged 30-39 years, n=32）, group B （aged 40-49 years, n=31）, group C （aged 50-59 years, n=36）, group D （aged 60-69 years, n=32） and group E （aged 70 years or older, n=24）. Body composition distribution and BMD were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Total lean mass （LM） and leg lean mass （LLM） significantly decreased with age（P＆lt;0.05）.Trunk fat mass（TFM） increased with age and reached peak at 40-59 years of age, then decreased gradually. Compared with group A, B or C, BMD significantly decreased in group D or E （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Compared with group A, lumbar vertebral BMD significantly decreased in group B or C （P〈0.01）. Compared with group D, total hip BMD significantly decreased in group E （P〈0.01）. The absolute amounts of tissue compositions of whole body, trunk and left thigh were positively correlated with lumbar vertebral and hip BMD （P〈0.01）. Under the condition of controlling body weight, partial correlation analysis showed that total LM was positively correlated with lumbar vertebral BMD （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The LM gradually decreases with age in adult women aged 30 years or older. The TFM reaches peak at 40-59 years of age in women. Lumbar vertebral and hip BMD gradually decreases with age, and lumbar vertebral BMD decreases earlier than hip BMD. The LM is positively correlated with lumbar vertebral BMD.