论元杂剧中的文人从政观

The Political Ideals of Confucian Literati Reflected in Yuan Zaju

元杂剧的创作主体主要是中下层儒家文人,因此许多剧作都反映出元代文人心态,其中有不少则集中体现了他们的从政观念,即"学成文武艺,货与帝王家"。这种从政观念主要包含了三个方面的内容:第一是投效朝廷的使命感,而在元代中后期这样的作品则显露出文人对于蒙元王朝的认同;第二是具有强烈功利性的从政目的,元杂剧中文人的从政理想是同他们的功利思想联系在一起的;第三是对君臣关系的理想化设定与自我奴化倾向。

The Yuan Zaju 元杂剧 playwrights were mainly composed of the Confucian literati of lower class, whose plays reflect the mentalities of Confucian literati of the Yuan Dynasty, many of which epitomize intensively their political ideals expressed by a proverb ： ＂Learning arts of pen and sword, trading with the court.＂ This concept of politics includes three as- pects： firstly, the sense of mission to serve the court and acceptance of the Yuan Dynasty; secondly, the political ideal with a strong utilitarian purpose; thirdly, the ideal relationship between the emperor and ministers and the tendency of self-enslavement.