《段注》废、行字研究——试析古汉语单音节词书写形式的更替

A Study of Replacement for the Written Form of An Ancient Chinese Monosyllabic Word

分析《说文解字注》中的废、行字组,可以发现古汉语单音节词书写形式更替的五种规律性现象:一、形义关系明显的字容易通行;二、形声结构易通行;三、繁化是主要趋势,简化律的作用有一定的条件;四、废、行字多有意义联系;五、废、行字多曾混用不别。造成古汉语单音节词书写形式更替的因素来自汉字本身、语言和民族文化:一、汉字构件功能的变化与缺失;二、汉字废弃产生的连锁反应;三、汉字表词功能的变化;四、上古汉语语法的影响;五、民族文化的影响。

By analyzing obsolete and circulating words in Duanzhu,we can conclude that there are five laws involved the replacement for the written form of an Ancient Chinese monosyllabic word. The first, most of characters which are used in written documents are the characters whose forms can reflect their meanings. The second, most of characters which are used in written documents are the pictophonetic characters. The third, it is a main trend that the forms of characters become hard to deal with. The fourth, the meanings of the lost written forms of Chinese words are relevant to those of the used written for- ms of Chinese words. The fifth, most of the lost written forms and circulating ones of the same words are mixed up in history. Additionally, there are five factors which make such replacement take place in the written forms of the ancient Chinese mono- syllabic words stemming from Chinese Character, Chinese language and Han national culture. The first is the variation and lack of function of the components of the characters. The second is the chain effects that words are obsolete. The third is the variations in the function of characters. The fourth is the grammar of Ancient Chinese. The fifth is the culture of the Hart nationality.