31例儿童及青少年期含牙囊肿保守治疗临床观察

Conservative treatment of 31 cases of dentigerous cysts in children and adolescents

目的 通过对31例儿童及青少年含牙囊肿的诊治,总结其发病特点及治疗经验.方法 收集北京儿童医院2008 ～ 2012年31例颌骨含牙囊肿病例,回顾性分析囊肿的部位、原因,根据囊肿部位及大小,结合恒牙胚的位置采取拔除病灶牙的一次性开窗治疗或进行开窗减压长期冲洗治疗,并对部分病例采用保留恒牙胚的囊肿刮除手术治疗,观察治疗结果.结果 儿童及青少年颌骨囊肿好发牙位为下颌前磨牙区,其次是上颌尖牙区及上颌中切牙区.前牙区发病多与乳牙龋坏及外伤有关,后牙区发病多与乳牙龋坏有关.通过以上保守治疗可以最大程度保留囊腔内继承恒牙,部分位置异常的牙齿需要进一步辅助正畸治疗.结论 儿童及青少年含牙囊肿,根据囊肿的大小和部位选择适合的保留恒牙胚的治疗方法,可以达到较好的效果,部分病例需要进一步正畸治疗.

Objective To summarize the outcome of 31 cases of dentigerous cysts in children and adolescents with conservative treatment. Methods A total of 31 cases of dentigerous cysts treated at the Beijing Children＇ s Hospital from 2008 to 2012 with either deciduous tooth extraction or marsupialization. The location of the cysts and the treatment outcome were retrospectively analyzed. Results The most common location of dentigerous cysts was the mandibular premolar region, followed by maxillary canine and incisor region. Cysts occurring in the incisor and canine regions were often associated with dental caries or trauma, and cysts occurring in molar regions were often associated with dental infection in deciduous teeth. The treatment modality was effective in retaining the permanent teeth involved, and orthodontic treatment may be necessary in some cases to ensure the normal eruption of the involved teeth. Conclusion Conservative treatment is effective in treatment of dentigerous cysts in children and adolescents and in retaining the permanent teeth. In some cases, orthodontic treatment is necessary to ensure the normal eruption of the involved teeth.