影响老年性聋患者助听效果的相关因素分析

The Factors Affecting the Effects of Hearing Aids on Presbycusis Patients

目的调查老年感音神经性聋患者配戴助听器后的助听效果,分析其影响因素。方法采用日常生活助听满意度量表对120例验配了助听器的老年性聋患者进行调查,统计每例患者的各项得分及总均分,并根据患者年龄、性别、教育程度、平均听阈、助听器类型、佩戴方式、佩戴时长、每日使用时长、自感听力下降时长等9个因素进行分组,采用单因素分析及逐步多元回归分析进行统计处理,筛选影响助听效果的主要因素。结果教育程度高、每日佩戴时间长、双耳佩戴者得分高于教育程度低、每日佩戴时间短、单耳佩戴者(P<0.01);年长者得分优于年少者(P<0.01);自感听力下降时长短者得分高于自感听力下降时长长者(P<0.01);总体满意度方面,教育程度高、每日佩戴时间长者得分高于教育程度低、每日佩戴时间短者(P<0.01),性别因素对助听效果无影响。结论影响老年性聋患者助听效果的因素较多,其中教育程度、每日佩戴时长是主要因素,双耳佩戴、自感听力下降时间短、年长者助听效果满意度高,而性别对助听效果无明显影响。

Objective To analyze the factors affecting the effects of hearing aids in presbycusis patients . Methods One hundred and twenty cases with presbycusis were investigated by using general data and the Satisfac-tion with Amplification in Daily Life questionnaire（SADL） .The individual scores and total scores of all the subjects were collected together with the personal information ,including age ,gender ,degree of education ,pure-tone aver-age ,hearing aid type ,monaural/binaural status ,total hearing aid experience ,daily use time ,the time of perceived hearing difficulty .A single factor analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to filter out main fac-tors influencing the effect of hearing aids .Results The degree of education ,hearing aid type ,monaural/binaural status ,daily use time ,the time of perceived hearing difficulty were factors influencing the effect of hearing aids . The patients with higher level of education ,the longer daily use ,binaural status obtained more scores than those of the low degree of education ,the shorter daily use ,and monaural status（ P〈 0 .01） .The older people felt better than the youngers（P〈0 .01） .The patients with long -time perceived hearing difficulty got more scores than those with short -time perceived hearing difficulty （P〈0 .01） .In general ,the degree of education ,and the daily use time were the main factors influencing the effects of hearing aids .Conclusion There are many factors that influence the effects of hearing aids ,in which the degree of education ,daily use time are the main factors ,and the combination of the two factors obtain the effects of hearing aid maximization ,and the binaural status ,the short time of perceived hearing difficulty and the older obtain better satisfaction .The gender doesn＇t significantly influence the effects of the hearing aids .