WHBE兔、日本大耳白兔和新西兰兔遗传多样性的RAPD分析

RAPD analysis of the genetic diversity in WHBE rabbit,Japanese white rabbit and New Zealand white rabbit

目的：应用随机引物扩增多态性DNA技术（ random amplified polymorphic DNA ， RAPD）对大耳白黑眼兔（ white hair black eyes rabbit ， WHBE rabbit ）、日本大耳白兔（ Japanese white rabbit ， JW rabbit ）和新西兰兔（New Zealand white rabbit， NZW rabbit）3个实验兔品系进行遗传分析。方法选用90只实验兔的皮肤组织样品提取基因组DNA，用60个随机引物对实验兔基因组DNA进行PCR扩增，根据电泳结果筛选出多态性较高的引物进行RAPD-PCR分析，再利用Popgene 3．2统计软件对3个品系的扩增条带进行遗传分析，获得实验数据。结果分析结果表明：（1）60个随机引物中筛选出25个多态性较高的引物，3个品系实验兔共检测到493个扩增片段，长度在100～1800 bp之间，筛选的25个引物中，其中16个引物既可扩增出3个品系共同的DNA条带，也可扩增出WHBE兔特有的特征条带；（2） WHBE兔位点数为234个，其中多态位点数166个，多态位点比为70．94％，JW兔位点数为228个，其中多态位点数122个，多态位点比为53．51％，NZW兔位点数为231个，其中多态位点数94个，多态位点比为40．69％；（3）三个群体的Shannon多样性指数分别为0．3385，0．2222和0．1905；（4） JW兔和NZW兔的遗传相似系数最高，为0．8443，其次为WHBE兔和JW兔的遗传相似系数，为0．8204，WHBE兔和NZW兔的遗传相似系数最低，为0．7862。结论结果表明WHBE兔与JW兔和NZW兔之间有遗传的相似性，也存在着遗传差异，应用RAPD技术可以很好地检测实验兔不同品系之间以及同一品系不同个体之间的亲缘关系。

Objective To analyze the genetic variation among white hair black eyes （WHBE） rabbit, Japanese white （ JW） rabbit and New Zealand white （ NZW） rabbit using random amplified polymorphic DNA （ RAPD） technique . Methods Thirty rabbits （male/female 1∶1） of each strain were used in this study.The genomic DNA was extracted from 90 rabbits.Sixty arbitrary primers were used to amplify DNA of rabbits with RAPD-PCR method.Based on the preliminary experiments , polymorphic primers were selected to analyze the genetic variation among the three rabbit strains .The experi-mental data were analyzed using Popgene 3.2 software.Results （1） Twenty-five polymorphic primers were selected among 60 arbitrary primers.493 amplified fragments were detected ranging from 100 bp to 1800 bp.Sixteen primers among 25 arbitrary primers could not only amplify the common DNA bands of 3 rabbit breeds , but also amplify particular alleles in the WHBE rabbit.（2） 234 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in WHBE rabbit , among which 166 sites were polymorphic , accounting for 70.94%.228 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in the JW rabbit, while 122 sites of them were polymorphic , accounting for 53.51%.231 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel e-lectrophoresis in the NZW rabbits , with 94 sites being polymorphic, accounting for 40.69%.（3） The Shannon genetic di-versity index of WHBE rabbit, JW rabbit and NZW rabbit was 0.3385, 0.2222 and 0.1905, respectively.（4） The genet-ic similarity between JW rabbit and NZW rabbit was highest among the three rabbit breeds （0.8443）, followed by that be-tween WHBE rabbit and JW rabbit （0.8204）, and the genetic similarity between WHBE rabbit and NZW rabbit （0.7862） was the lowest .Conclusions Our results demonstrate that there are both genetic similarities and genetic variations among WHBE rabbit, JW rabbit and NZW rabbit .The RAPD technique can be used to delect the genetic relationships among dif-ferent breeds and different individuals of the same breed of rabbits .